Suchergebnisse

AbstractContemporary Russian scholars usually try to abstain from any criticism to Russian Orthodox Church' actions in past and present. Meanwhile a situation in 1917 was very confused: the Holy Synod supported the abdication of its formal head – the Tsar. So historians discussed: what it was – "revolutionary Church" or "revolution inside Church"? One of them insists that bishops become "liberals", another argue that they operated accordingly old religious canons. In reality the full scale revolution inside Church took place: believers tried to overthrow the "reactionary" and "counterrevolutionary" bishops and priests as "serfs of old regime", rank and file clergy supported them.

Die Finanzkrise in Japan hat lange vor den Erschütterungen der internationalen Finanzmärkte der Jahre 1997 und 1998 begonnen. Ihre Wurzel müssen bereits im vorhergehenden Jahrzehnt gesucht werden. Die tiefsten Ursachen der Finanzkrise liegen in der Krise des korporativen Systems und der Krise in den Beziehungen zwischen den Banken und dem realen Sektor der Wirtschaft begründet. Die Ursprünge der japanischen Finanzkrise sind nationaler Art. Sie fiel lediglich zeitlich mit der Finanzkrise in Südostasien zusammen. In den Händen der japanischen Banken liegt der Schlüssel zur Entlastung der asiatischen Industrien, deren Hauptabnehmer Japan ist, vom deflationären Druck. (BIOst- Mrk)

Die Dokumente behandeln zum einen die Entwicklung des ossetisch- inguschischen Konflikts von Zwischenfällen zu kriegerischer Auseinandersetzung unter russischer Beteiligung und beinhalten zum anderen Angaben der inguschischen Seite über Opfer und Schäden. Während der erste Teil aus Berichten der russischen Presse besteht, basiert der zweite Teil auf Dokumenten des Informationszentrums der Inguschischen Republik in Moskau. (BIOst- Mrk)

A turn of modern science towards the study of historical memory gives rise to questions about the role of historical science in the formation of collective, in particular, national identity. The experience of a historiographic reflection on these problems is presented in a collective monograph "The Past for the Present: History, Memory and Narratives of National Identity" written by the laboratory "Studies of Historical Memory and Intellectual Culture" of the Center for Intellectual History Studies of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, headed by L. P. Repina. The authors of the collective monograph examine the processes of national identity and historical memory formation in several countries (Russia, Britain, Germany, Poland, and Bolivia) in a "longue durée" perspective, in the context of global trends. They focus on the role that national narratives created by professional historians played in the construction of "historical myths" — mythologized ideas about the "origins" of national history that represent the constitutive elements of national identity. The authors raise the problem of the competition of different identities and memories, and consider the issue of the audience of a national narrative. They highlight the ambiguity of the social role of historical science: on the one hand, historians are actively involved in the formation of the national identity and historical memory; on the other hand, scientific knowledge provides them with tools for a critical analysis of historical myths and well-reasoned reflection on the projects of collective identity. The study represents a successful attempt of combining the "memorial paradigm" and "new sociocultural history" with the history of nationalism and nation-building.

The subject matter of this article is semantical-motivational and linguogeographical peculiarities of Northern Russian splanchnonyms – lexical units naming internal organs (from Greek σπλάγχνα (splánchna), meaning 'viscera'). The author focuses on the interconnection and overlapping of the names of human viscera and splanchnonyms related to animals. This issue is discussed in the first part of the article. The author notes that splanchnonyms related to humans tend to be secondary in terms of their origin, i.e. to be derivatives of the names of animal viscera. The paper reveals extralinguistic reasons for the language attention of dialect speakers to animal viscera – fishing and hunting, cooking of meat dishes. The second part of the paper includes an overview of splanchnonyms related to animals; overlapping of the relevant cookery and somatic vocabulary is noted; the complexity of the ideographic structure of the vocabulary in question is identified, main ideograms with the words they comprise are listed. The difference between the names of internal organs of livestock and those of fish is shown. Special attention is paid to linguogeographical features of splanchnonyms related to fish: the relevant vocabulary is noted in the zone of contacts with the Finno-Ugric peoples and is characterized by fractional semantic differentiation. In the final part of the article, the author cites particular motivational features characteristic of the words naming animal viscera. The paper also considers metaphorical names, including both splanchnonyms motivated by the names of everyday realities and lexical units related to daily routines that were secondary formed from splanchnonyms. The lexical realization of the motivational transition 'waste' – 'internal organs' is analyzed.

The article presents etymological and motivational analysis of three dialectal lexical groups with the root tal-//tol-. The author considers that the dialecticisms under study refer to the word family талый <talyi> (melted) / таять <tayat'> (to melt) and attempts to reconstruct its own motivational logic for each lexical group. The first part of the article analyzes the word талы/толы <taly/toly> (eyes), the origin of which currently remains not clear enough. The author provides the known hypotheses of the word origin, which include both the initial version (bringing to the family таять (to melt) and an assumption of borrowing. The initial version of the word origin is developed based on its semantic and functional characteristics, the peculiarities characterizing the perception of the organ of vision in language and culture, and motivational patterns in dialectal designations of eyes. The version of the origin of the word as borrowed from the Turkic languages is critically analyzed through reference to the patterns of the appearance of Turkic borrowings in Russian dialects. The second part of the article is devoted to the lexical group талики/толики <taliki/toliki> (ripe cloudberry). Different sources treat these lexical unit as a Finno-Ugric borrowing, on the one hand, and as related to the Russian word таять (to melt), on the other hand, thus interpreting them as a result of semantic loan translation from Finno-Ugric. The paper provides some additional arguments in favor of the version that the names of ripe cloudberry belong to the family таять (to melt), while admitting the possibility of the original (not loaned) origin of the naming. The third part of the article deals with the dialectal word талица <talitsa> (rutabaga), the etymological solutions for which are unknown. The author considers this word to have origin in the verb таять (to melt), which is argued based on the peculiarities of the secretion of juice from rutabaga while its being cooked. In conclusion, some other names of cloudberry and rutabaga are compared, and general semantic lines of 'melting' and 'steaming' for the analyzed phytonyms are derived.

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